| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| Skipper is an HTTP router and reverse proxy for service composition. Prior to version 0.24.0, when running Skipper as an Ingress controller, users with permissions to create an Ingress and a Service of type ExternalName can create routes that enable them to use Skipper's network access to reach internal services. Version 0.24.0 disables Kubernetes ExternalName by default. As a workaround, developers can allow list targets of an ExternalName and allow list via regular expressions. |
| Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.31.0, Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking NO_PROXY rules. Requests to loopback addresses like localhost. (with a trailing dot) or [::1] (IPv6 literal) skip NO_PROXY matching and go through the configured proxy. This goes against what developers expect and lets attackers force requests through a proxy, even if NO_PROXY is set up to protect loopback or internal services. This issue leads to the possibility of proxy bypass and SSRF vulnerabilities allowing attackers to reach sensitive loopback or internal services despite the configured protections. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.0 and 0.31.0. |
| The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI.
The issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web): https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895
Steps to reproduce
Given a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html
Mitgation
Disabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue.
StaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false); |
| continuwuity is a Matrix homeserver written in Rust. This vulnerability allows an attacker with a malicious remote server to cause the local server to sign an arbitrary event upon user interaction. Upon a user account leaving a room (rejecting an invite), joining a room or knocking on a room, the victim server may ask a remote server for assistance. If the victim asks the attacker server for assistance the attacker is able to provide an arbitrary event, which the victim will sign and return to the attacker. For the /leave endpoint, this works for any event with a supported room version, where the origin and origin_server_ts is set by the victim. For the /join endpoint, an additionally victim-set content field in the format of a join membership is needed. For the /knock endpoint, an additional victim-set content field in the format of a knock membership and a room version not between 1 and 6 is needed. This was exploited as a part of a larger chain against the continuwuity.org homeserver. This vulnerability affects all Conduit-derived servers. This vulnerability is fixed in Continuwuity 0.5.1, Conduit 0.10.11, Grapevine 0aae932b, and Tuwunel 1.4.9. |
| fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.2.1, using certain modifiers on RegExp objects in the allowedAud, allowedIss, allowedSub, allowedJti, or allowedNonce options in verify functions can cause certain unintended behaviours. This is because some modifiers are stateful and will cause failures in every second verification attempt regardless of the validity of the token provided. Such modifiers are /g (global matching) and /y (sticky matching). This does NOT allow invalid tokens to be accepted, only for valid tokens to be improperly rejected in some configurations. Instead it causes 50% of valid authentication requests to fail in an alternating pattern. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.1. |
| Akamai Ghost on Akamai CDN edge servers before 2026-02-06 mishandles processing of custom hop-by-hop HTTP headers, where an incoming request containing the header "Connection: Transfer-Encoding" could result in a forward request with invalid message framing, depending on the Akamai processing path. This could result in the origin server parsing the request body incorrectly, leading to HTTP request smuggling. |
| Unisys WebPerfect Image Suite versions 3.0.3960.22810 and 3.0.3960.22604 expose a deprecated .NET Remoting TCP channel that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to leak NTLMv2 machine-account hashes by supplying a Windows UNC path as a target file argument through object-unmarshalling techniques. Attackers can capture the leaked NTLMv2 hash and relay it to other hosts to achieve privilege escalation or lateral movement depending on network configuration and patch level. |
| Coturn is a free open source implementation of TURN and STUN Server. Coturn is commonly configured to block loopback and internal ranges using "denied-peer-ip" and/or default loopback restrictions. CVE-2020-26262 addressed bypasses involving "0.0.0.0", "[::1]" and "[::]", but IPv4-mapped IPv6 is not covered. When sending a "CreatePermission" or "ChannelBind" request with the "XOR-PEER-ADDRESS" value of "::ffff:127.0.0.1", a successful response is received, even though "127.0.0.0/8" is blocked via "denied-peer-ip". The root cause is that, prior to the updated fix implemented in version 4.9.0, three functions in "src/client/ns_turn_ioaddr.c" do not check "IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED". "ioa_addr_is_loopback()" checks "127.x.x.x" (AF_INET) and "::1" (AF_INET6), but not "::ffff:127.0.0.1." "ioa_addr_is_zero()" checks "0.0.0.0" and "::", but not "::ffff:0.0.0.0." "addr_less_eq()" used by "ioa_addr_in_range()" for "denied-peer-ip" matching: when the range is AF_INET and the peer is AF_INET6, the comparison returns 0 without extracting the embedded IPv4. Version 4.9.0 contains an updated fix to address the bypass of the fix for CVE-2020-26262. |
| In Eclipse Jetty, the HTTP/1.1 parser is vulnerable to request smuggling when chunk extensions are used, similar to the "funky chunks" techniques outlined here:
* https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html
* https://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html
Jetty terminates chunk extension parsing at \r\n inside quoted strings instead of treating this as an error.
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
1;ext="val
X
0
GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1
...
Note how the chunk extension does not close the double quotes, and it is able to inject a smuggled request. |
| @fastify/reply-from v12.6.1 and earlier and @fastify/http-proxy v11.4.3 and earlier process the client's Connection header after the proxy has added its own headers via rewriteRequestHeaders. This allows attackers to retroactively strip proxy-added headers from upstream requests by listing them in the Connection header value. Any header added by the proxy for routing, access control, or security purposes can be selectively removed by a client. @fastify/http-proxy is also affected as it delegates to @fastify/reply-from.
Upgrade to @fastify/reply-from v12.6.2 or @fastify/http-proxy v11.4.4 or later. |
| An HTTP request smuggling vulnerability (CWE-444) was found in Pingora's handling of HTTP/1.1 connection upgrades. The issue occurs when a Pingora proxy reads a request containing an Upgrade header, causing the proxy to pass through the rest of the bytes on the connection to a backend before the backend has accepted the upgrade. An attacker can thus directly forward a malicious payload after a request with an Upgrade header to that backend in a way that may be interpreted as a subsequent request header, bypassing proxy-level security controls and enabling cross-user session hijacking.
Impact
This vulnerability primarily affects standalone Pingora deployments where a Pingora proxy is exposed to external traffic. An attacker could exploit this to:
* Bypass proxy-level ACL controls and WAF logic
* Poison caches and upstream connections, causing subsequent requests from legitimate users to receive responses intended for smuggled requests
* Perform cross-user attacks by hijacking sessions or smuggling requests that appear to originate from the trusted proxy IP
Cloudflare's CDN infrastructure was not affected by this vulnerability, as ingress proxies in the CDN stack maintain proper HTTP parsing boundaries and do not prematurely switch to upgraded connection forwarding mode.
Mitigation:
Pingora users should upgrade to Pingora v0.8.0 or higher
As a workaround, users may return an error on requests with the Upgrade header present in their request filter logic in order to stop processing bytes beyond the request header and disable downstream connection reuse. |
| An HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability (CWE-444) has been found in Pingora's parsing of HTTP/1.0 and Transfer-Encoding requests. The issue occurs due to improperly allowing HTTP/1.0 request bodies to be close-delimited and incorrect handling of multiple Transfer-Encoding values, allowing attackers to send HTTP/1.0 requests in a way that would desync Pingora’s request framing from backend servers’.
Impact
This vulnerability primarily affects standalone Pingora deployments in front of certain backends that accept HTTP/1.0 requests. An attacker could craft a malicious payload following this request that Pingora forwards to the backend in order to:
* Bypass proxy-level ACL controls and WAF logic
* Poison caches and upstream connections, causing subsequent requests from legitimate users to receive responses intended for smuggled requests
* Perform cross-user attacks by hijacking sessions or smuggling requests that appear to originate from the trusted proxy IP
Cloudflare's CDN infrastructure was not affected by this vulnerability, as its ingress proxy layers forwarded HTTP/1.1 requests only, rejected ambiguous framing such as invalid Content-Length values, and forwarded a single Transfer-Encoding: chunked header for chunked requests.
Mitigation:
Pingora users should upgrade to Pingora v0.8.0 or higher that fixes this issue by correctly parsing message length headers per RFC 9112 and strictly adhering to more RFC guidelines, including that HTTP request bodies are never close-delimited.
As a workaround, users can reject certain requests with an error in the request filter logic in order to stop processing bytes on the connection and disable downstream connection reuse. The user should reject any non-HTTP/1.1 request, or a request that has invalid Content-Length, multiple Transfer-Encoding headers, or Transfer-Encoding header that is not an exact “chunked” string match. |
| TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. Prior to version 2.03, an integer overflow vulnerability in the string-to-integer conversion routine (_Val) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass Content-Length restrictions and perform HTTP Request Smuggling. This can lead to unauthorized access, security filter bypass, and potential cache poisoning. The impact is critical for servers using persistent connections (Keep-Alive). This issue has been patched in version 2.03. |
| The compiler is meant to unwrap pointers which are the operands of a memory move; a no-op interface conversion prevented the compiler from making the correct determination about non-overlapping moves, potentially leading to memory corruption at runtime. |
| Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.3.1, the Axios library is vulnerable to a specific "Gadget" attack chain that allows Prototype Pollution in any third-party dependency to be escalated into Remote Code Execution (RCE) or Full Cloud Compromise (via AWS IMDSv2 bypass). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.0 and 0.3.1. |
| Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser extracts the boundary parameter from multipart/form-data using a greedy regular expression. When a Content-Type header contains multiple boundary parameters, Rack selects the last one rather than the first. In deployments where an upstream proxy, WAF, or intermediary interprets the first boundary parameter, this mismatch can allow an attacker to smuggle multipart content past upstream inspection and have Rack parse a different body structure than the intermediary validated. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6. |
| A flaw was found in libsoup, an HTTP client/server library. This HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability arises from non-RFC-compliant parsing in the soup_filter_input_stream_read_line() logic, where libsoup accepts malformed chunk headers, such as lone line feed (LF) characters instead of the required carriage return and line feed (CRLF). A remote attacker can exploit this without authentication or user interaction by sending specially crafted chunked requests. This allows libsoup to parse and process multiple HTTP requests from a single network message, potentially leading to information disclosure. |
| AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.13.4, multiple Host headers were allowed in aiohttp. This issue has been patched in version 3.13.4. |
| In multiple locations, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. |
| In setupLayout of PickActivity.java, there is a possible way to start any activity as a DocumentsUI app due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. |
